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The İstiklâl Marşı ((:istiˈklaːl marˈʃɯ); (英語:Independence March)) is the national anthem of the Republic of Turkey, officially adopted on 12 March 1921 —two-and-a-half years before the 29 October 1923 establishment of the nation— both as a motivational musical saga for the troops fighting in the Turkish War of Independence, and as an aspirational anthem for a Republic that was yet to be established. Penned by Mehmet Âkif Ersoy, and ultimately composed by Osman Zeki Üngör, the theme is one of affection for the Turkish homeland, freedom, and faith, as well as praise for the virtues of hope, devotion, and sacrifice in the pursuit of liberty, all explored through visual, tactile, and kinesthetic imagery as these concepts relate to the flag, the human spirit, and the soil of the homeland. The original manuscript by Ersoy carries the dedication ''Kahraman Ordumuza'' – "To our Heroic Army", in reference to the people's army that ultimately won the Turkish War of Independence, with lyrics that reflect on the sacrifices of the soldiers during the war. The anthem is regularly heard during state and military events, as well as during national festivals, bayrams, sporting events, and school ceremonies. Visual depictions can also be found adorning state or public displays, such as in the form of a scroll displaying the first two quatrains of the anthem on the reverse of the Turkish 100 lira banknotes of 1983–1989.〔(Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey ). Banknote Museum: 7. Emission Group - One Hundred Turkish Lira - (I. Series ) & (II. Series ). – Retrieved on 20 April 2009.〕 Of the ten-stanza anthem, only the first two quatrains are sung. A framed version of the national anthem typically occupies the wall above the blackboard in the classrooms of of Turkish schools, accompanied by a Turkish flag, a photograph of the country's founding father Atatürk, and a copy of Atatürk's famous inspirational speech to the nation's youth from the concluding remarks to his 20 October 1927 address to the Parliament. The composition has also come to be adopted as the National Anthem of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus — an internationally-unrecognized state on the island of Cyprus that was declared by the Turkish Cypriot community in 1983 after the events of 1974.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Turkey: İstiklal Marşı )〕 ==History== The present-day anthem is a collective effort by several prominent poets, musicians, and composers that took form over several years due to the relatively tumultuous nature of the period in which it was crafted. Even before the full official dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, a nation-wide competition was organized in 1921 by the Turkish National Movement — an independent and self-organized militia force led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk waging a lengthy campaign for independence against both invading foreign powers and the Ottoman Court itself, due to the latter being seen as treasonous and complicit in the partitioning of the Turkish homeland in the aftermath of the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres. The goal of the competition was to select an original composition suitable for a National March, intended to both motivate the militia forces fighting for independence across the country, and to provide inspiration and pride for a new homeland that would be established once victory was achieved. A total of 724 poems were submitted. Mehmet Akif Ersoy, a very well-known poet of the time, initially refused to participate due to the monetary prize of the competition, but was subsequently contacted and convinced by the National Parliament to submit a poem, disregarding the reward. The resulting ten-stanza-long poem written by Ersoy was recited to the National Assembly by Hamdullah Suphi, on March 1, 1921, where it was unanimously adopted by the deputies following evaluation by a parliamentary committee. The prize of the competition was bestowed on a society of veterans. Shortly thereafter, twenty-four composers participated in another competition arranged for the selection of a musical composition that would suit the elected National Anthem best. The Committee, which was only able to convene in 1924 due to the Turkish War of Independence, adopted the music composed by Ali Rıfat Çağatay. This early composition by Çağatay lasted only six years. In 1930, a new composition by Osman Zeki Üngör, virtuoso composer and the first conductor of the Presidential Symphony Orchestra of the Republic of Turkey, was adopted〔 as a permanent musical arrangement by Parliament. Shortly thereafter, in 1932, Turkish composer, conductor and musicologist of Armenian descent Edgar Manas (Armenian: Էտկար Մանաս) was commissioned by the Turkish Republic to harmonize and orchestrate the melody created by Üngör,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ataturkinkilaplari.com/beguha/81 )〕 and the final and official version of the anthem took form. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「İstiklâl Marşı」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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